英语常用词疑难用法-128：avoid 这个及物动...

这个及物动词，笼统来说，意义是“避免”、“躲避”。

(1) 最大略也是中国人最随意马虎节制的用法搭配，是只带一个直接宾语（人或物）。

Why are you avoiding me? 你为什么躲着我？

She avoided his eyes. 她避开了他的视线。

(2) 以动名词为直接宾语。

I'd managed to avoid being noticed until then. 直到那时以前，我一贯能够避免引人瞩目。

Avoid drawing attention to yourself. 要避免引人把稳。

You can't avoid seeing her occasionally. 偶尔瞥见她，你是避免不了的。

He only just avoided being sent to prison. 他险些儿被送进了监狱。

He could not avoid laughing. 他忍不住笑了起来。

Avoid getting into arguments with him. 要避免同他发生辩论。

(3) 作为直接宾语的动名词，可以另有主语，此时这个主语以avoid直接宾语的形式涌现，放在动名词前。

The first and most effective step in reducing waste is to avoid it being produced in the first place. 减少摧残浪费蹂躏的第一个也是最有效的步骤，便是一开头就防止摧残浪费蹂躏产生。

You should keep your medications with you when you travel on the plane to avoid them being lost in the heaps of luggage.你乘飞机旅行时该当把药物随身带着，以免在大堆行李当中丢失。

He saw me and smiled, but I moved further into the crowd to avoid him finding me. (Darrell McBreairty, The Passing of Martha O'shea) 他瞥见了我，微笑一下，但是我更加往人丛里挤，不让他创造我。

(4) 同许多其他欧洲措辞不同，英语表示“避免”、“阻挡”、“不让”的动词，大都不能带that名词从句作为其直接宾语。
that名词从句，全体内容被“否定”、“制止”，在英文是不习气的，不能说avoid that the cup falls down，而要取消从句形式，使从句的主语谓语都变成avoid在主句中的从属身分：avoid the cup falling down或keep the cup from falling down. 英文只有很少数比较固定的句型可以用that名词从句来作为被否定、被制止的工具。

Heaven forbid that all her family should come too! 但愿她千万别把百口一起带来！

God forbid that they actually encounter a bear. 但愿他们别真的碰着一头熊。

God forbid that the tornado pulls off the roof. 但愿龙卷风千万别把房顶掀开。