大年夜卫.科波菲尔德原文进修（1）

His father, who was a government clerk, was imprisoned for debt and Dickens was sent to work at the age of twelve. The memories of this period were to haunt him until his death.

He taught himself shorthand and became a reporter of parliamentary debates for the Morning Chronicle. He began to publish sketches in various periodicals,which were subsequently republished as Sketches by Boz.The Pickwick Papers were published in 1836-7 and after a slow start became a publishing phenomenon and Dickens's characters the centre of a popular cult.

Part of the secret of his success was the method of cheap serial publication which Dickens used for all his novels. He began Oliver Twist in1837,followed by Nicholas Nickleby(1838-9)and The Old Curiosity Shop(1840-41).

Aftert finishing Barnaby Rudge(1841) Dickens set off for America; he went full of enthusiasm for the young republic but, in spite of a triumphant reception, he returned disillusioned. His experiences are recorded in American Notes(1842).Martin Chuzzlewit (1843-4) did not repeat its predecessors’success but this was quickly redressed by the huge popularity of the Christmas Books, of which the first, A Christmas Carol. appeared in 1843.Dombey and Son (1846-8) and David Copperfield(1849-50) were more serious in theme and more carefully planned than his early novels.In his later work Dickens's social criticism became more radical and his comedy more savage. Bleak House was published in 1852-3 and was followed by Hard Times(18s4)，Little Dorrit (18SS-7)，A Tale ofTwo Cities(1859)，Great Expectations(1860-1) and Our Mutual Friend (1864-5) His last novel,The Mystery of Edwin Drood, was never completed and Dickens died on 9June 187o. Public grief at his death was considerable and he was buried in the Poets' Corner of Westminster Abbey.Dickens's popularity during his lifetime was exceptional but as the distinguished literary critic Walter Allen has said, his influence continues to be felt and 'his work has become part of the literary climate within which western man lives.

注释：

1.depicted v.描述；描绘；描写；描述；刻画depict的过去分词和过去式

2.imprisoned v.下狱，监禁( imprison的过去式和过去分词 )

3.haunt vt. 常出没于…；萦绕于…；常常去… vi. 出没；作祟 n. 栖息地；常去的地方

4.shorthand n. 速记；速记法 adj. 速记法的

5.parliamentary adj. 议会的；国会的；议会制度的

6.debates n.谈论( debate的名词复数 )；辩论；（各自发表不同见地的）辩论；辩论 v.辩论( debate的第三人称单数 )；仔细考虑；思考；计算

7.Chronicle n. 编年史，年代记；记录

vt. 记录；把…载入编年史

例句：John was a reporter for the San Francisco Chronicle before retiring.

约翰退休前是《旧金山报》的。

8.sketches n. [测] 草图；示意图；草图法（sketch的复数）v. 素描，写生（sketch的第三人称单数）

例句：The artist is making sketches for his next painting.

画家正为他的下一幅作品画素描。

词组：

sketch map示意图，草图

design sketch设计图

sketch out v. 大要地阐述；草拟

sketch in大抵地补充

rough sketch草图

9.periodicals n.期刊（periodical的名词复数形式）

例句：

The walls would be lined with books and periodicals.

沿这几面墙将排放书本和期刊。

词组：

newspapers and periodicals报刊

electronic periodicals电子期刊

10.subsequently adv. 随后，其后；后来

例句：We all subsequently forgot the promises we had made.

我们后来都忘却了曾经许下的承诺。

11.centre n. 中央；（市镇的）中央区，人口集中的地区；活动中央；居领先地位的中央；聚拢点；有……中央的；中间党派；（球赛的）中锋；传中（球赛中将球从场边扔向场中）；巧克力夹心；转轴；（车床等用于支撑的）顶针；源头；最主要的地方 v. 将……放在中心；以……为中央；使（辩论）集中于；（活动）集中于；传中；打中锋 v. (Centre) （印、澳、肯尼亚）森特尔

12.cult n. 狂热；异教团体；宗教崇奉；膜拜仪式；时髦的人（或事物）；信徒adj. 受特定群体欢迎的

例句：The company forbids any form of personality cult.

这家公司禁止任何形式的个人崇拜。

词组：

personality cult n. 个人崇拜

cult of personality 个人崇拜

13.enthusiasm n. 热心，热心，激情亲切

例句：The enthusiasm of the locals deeply moved the tourists present.

当地人的激情亲切深深地冲动了在场的游客。

词组：

enthusiasm for 热爱……

with enthusiasm 激情亲切洋溢；狂热地

arouse the enthusiasm of 调动积极性

creative enthusiasm 创作激情亲切

14.triumphant adj. 成功的；得意洋洋的；狂欢的

例句：The people of the whole country are waiting for the triumphanthomecoming of the king.

全国公民都在等待国王的凯旋。

15.reception n. 接待；吸收；招待会；感想熏染；反应

例句：You can go to the reception desk and ask for details.

你可以去接待处讯问一下详细情形。

词组：

warm reception激情亲切接待

reception desk接待处（即是front desk）

reception area接待处；接待室

reception room会客室，接待室

wedding reception结婚宴会，婚宴

16.disillusioned adj. 觉醒的；抱负破灭的；不抱抱负的

v. 使抱负破灭（disillusion的过去分词）；唤醒

例句：His fictionalized portrait of the artist as a young man is recalled by an older, disillusioned narrator.

他虚构的艺术家年轻时的肖像由一位年长、觉醒的阐述者回顾起来。

17.recorded adj. 记录的 v. 记录；录音（record的过去分词）

例句：These recorded documents are very useful to us.

这些记录下来的文件对我们很有用。

词组：

world record天下记录

of record有案可查的

for the record为正式记录在案目的

medical record病历卡；病史档案

on record记录在案的；公开拓表的

18.theme n. 主题；主旋律；题目

adj. 以奇想主题支配的

例句：The theme of this year's Christmas party is gratitude.

今年圣诞晚会的主题是戴德。

词组：

theme parkn. （游乐园中的）主题乐园

main theme雪天使圆舞曲；主题曲

theme song主题歌；旗子暗记曲；老套话

theme music主题音乐

theme party主题派对；化妆舞会

19.radical adj. 激进的；根本的；彻底的

n. 根本；激进分子；[归天] 原子团；[数] 根数

例句：This article is radical and illogical.

这篇文章不雅观点很过分，而且毫无逻辑。

词组：

free radical[化]自由基；游离基

radical polymerization游离基聚合；游离基引发聚合反应

radical mastectomyn. 根治性乳房切除术

radical operation根治手术

free radical polymerization自由游离基

20.comedy n. 笑剧；笑剧性；有趣的事情

例句：The two comedies have something in common.

这两部笑剧片有共同点。

词组：

divine comedyn. 神曲（意大利墨客但丁作的叙事诗）

situation comedyn. （广播、电视的）系列诙谐剧

comedy film笑剧片

black comedy玄色笑剧（一种胆怯、荒诞的悲笑剧）

musical comedy音乐笑剧；歌舞笑剧

21.savage adj. 野蛮的；残酷的；狂怒的；荒凉的 n. 未开化的人；粗鲁的人；残暴成性的人

例句：My son did not dare to pass the intersection because there was a savage dog.

我的儿子不敢经由那个路口，由于那里有一条恶狗。

22.grief n. 悲痛；忧伤；不幸

例句：Their relationship came to grief because of his betrayal.

他们的关系由于他的背叛而分裂。

词组：

come to grief遭难，失落败

good grief 哎呀！
天哪！
（表示诧异

23.popularity n. 遍及，盛行；名气；受大众欢迎

例句：The new school uniform wins popularity among the students.

新校服受到学生的欢迎。

词组：

enjoy great popularity 享有盛誉

link popularity 链接广泛度

24.exceptional adj. 非常的，例外的；精彩的；精良的；卓越的；罕见的；特殊的

n. 超常的学生

例句：

He was born with an exceptional creative ability.

他天生具备非凡的创作能力。

词组：

exceptional circumstances分外情形；例外情形

exceptional childn. 分外（非常）儿童

exceptional performance非同一般的表现

truly exceptional无与伦比

exceptional case例外事宜；分外情形

25.literary adj. 文学的；书面的；精通文学的

例句：The literary criticism was published in a famous magazine.

这篇文学批评被刊登在一本著名的杂志上。

词组：

literary criticism. 文艺评论

literary style文言体；文艺语体

literary work n. 文学作品；手笔

literary language文学措辞；标准语

literary talent文才；文学天赋

26.climate n. 景象；风气；思潮；风土

例句：I couldn't adapt to the climate in the northern hemisphere, so I moved back in advance.

我适应不了北半球的景象，以是提前搬回来了。

词组：

climate change 景象变革；景象变迁

investment climate 投资环境；投资景象

global climate 环球景象

monsoon climate 季风气候

business climate 商业环境；商业景象

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