编辑:[db:作者] 时间:2024-08-25 09:03:36
什么是疫苗?
A vaccine is a biological preparation that improves immunity to a particular disease.
疫苗是一种生物制备,用于提高身体对某种疾病的免疫力。
vaccine ['vksi:n]:疫苗preparation: 制备;特殊配制成的药物
immunity [i'mju:nti] :免疫力
Traditional vaccines contain microbes that have been killed or weakened so that they don't cause disease.
传统疫苗包含了病原菌,这些病菌已被灭活或人工减毒,不具备引发疾病的能力。
microbe ['maikrub]:细菌
The administration of vaccines is called vaccination.
接种疫苗的过程叫做vaccination [,vksi'nein]。
When an individual is vaccinated against a disease or an infection his or her immune system is prepared to fight the infection.
当一个人接种了某种疾病或传染病的疫苗,其免疫系统就做好了抵抗这种病的准备。
vaccinate ['vksineit]:动词,接种疫苗
immune system:免疫系统
疫苗是怎么事情的?
When a person is inoculated with these preparations, the immune system confronts these harmless versions of the germs. The immune system quickly clears them from the body.
当一个人接种了这种制备,免疫系统就打仗到了这些无侵害力的病菌。免疫系统会急速把它们从体内打消。
inoculated [i'nkjuleit]:接种
In turn the body remembers the germs so that later in life when it encounters the real live virulent germs it may be able to fight it off with the retained memory against the particular germ.
然后身体就记住了这些病菌,将来在碰着真正有毒的病原菌时,就会依循其原有的影象,来抵抗消灭病原菌。
Before vaccines, the only way to become immune to a disease was to actually get it and, with luck, survive it.
在有疫苗之前,人们能够对某种疾病免疫的唯一方法便是真正得一场病,并且如果幸运的话,活下来。
immune to:对……免疫
好了,现在我们归纳一下,英文“疫苗”怎么说?
vaccine /vk.sin/ 疫苗
inject vaccine 接种疫苗
influenza vaccine 流感疫苗
polio vaccine 小儿麻痹疫苗
chickenpox vaccine 水痘疫苗
inoculation
除了vaccine,inoculation /nkjulen/ 和 inoculate /nkjulet/ 的涌现频率也很高。
inoculate用法与vaccinate相似:
Inoculate children against human papillomavirus (HPV).
给儿童接种疫苗,以预防人乳头瘤病毒。
大规模接种可以说mass inoculations,专家指出我国疫苗接种率达到70-80%,或可实现群体免疫(herd immunity)。
不过,inoculation除了指给人体注射疫苗外,用在其他语境中,还可以指将病原体注入到微生物环境里。
jab
口语当中,还有一个常用的词来表达疫苗接种:jab。
用法很大略,比如:
I had the jab yesterday.
我昨天打疫苗了。
jab作名词有“注射;接种;预防针”的意思,做动词是“戳、刺”的意思,在干系语境下,就可以理解为打了一针,如get jabbed。
(图片来源:新华社)
此外,shot也很常用,意思是an injection of a drug(一次注射,一针)。
比如:
Over half of its population has received at least one shot of vaccine.
超过一半人口至少注射过一次疫苗。
和shot有关的一个常见短语是a shot in the arm(强心针),也便是something that makes you more confident or more successful(让你更加自傲,鼓舞你得到成功的事情)。
除了以上词汇外,这些关于疫苗的表达也可以学学:
an efficacy /efksi/ of 40%
40%的有效率
be 80% effective
80%的有效率
syringe /srnd/
注射器
stimulate immunity
引发免疫力
confer immunity on sb
授予某人免疫力
spark an immune response
引发免疫反应
anti-vaxxer
反对疫苗接种的人
对付当前的天下而言,大规模的疫苗接种便是一剂强心针,让我们看到了回归正常生活的曙光。要始终相信,every cloud has a silver lining(每一片乌云都镶着银边)。
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